Neuropsychology combines elements of neurology and psychology. Neuropsychologists study the effects that psychological conditions have on the nervous system—including the brain and spine—and they may also research ways in which changing brain chemistry due to injury, hormones, or environmental factors can affect mental health.

Neuropsychology is primarily concerned with assessing conditions that affect brain health, such as Alzheimer's and traumatic brain injury, and with evaluating how neurological functioning can affect mental health. Clinical neuropsychologists conduct psychometric assessments to measure neurological health. They may also review brain scans, consult with medical doctors, and rely on laboratory tests to diagnose and treat brain conditions.